In , GPE grants supported an estimated Of these students, These efforts resulted in improved completion rates: an estimated 4. When there was too much sandy wind, the teachers used to send us back home. It was so loud that sometimes we could not even hear what they said.
Since , with support from a broad international coalition and the Government of Chad, Education Cannot Wait—a global fund for education in crisis—has reached over , children in Chad, including 69, girls. In the neighbouring Central African Republic, the Fund has impacted some 65, children, including 31, girls. In , Canada increased its support to the GFF as part of the G7 Charlevoix education initiative, in order to work in a range of countries experiencing fragility, conflict, and violence.
Canada also collaborated with multilateral organizations on specific initiatives. Since , union staff and members directly engaged in actions to address SRGBV, reaching over 30, individuals.
The campaign was launched at the ITU World Summit on the Information Society , where stakeholders were incentivized to train 5 million young women and men in job-ready digital skills. The recent increase in the number and intensity of armed conflicts, and the scope and frequency of natural disasters—which are exacerbated by the effects of climate change—have resulted in unprecedented humanitarian needs. Canada continues to focus its gender-responsive humanitarian action on saving lives, alleviating suffering, and maintaining the dignity of those affected by conflicts and natural disasters.
Gender-responsive humanitarian action is needed to address the specific needs and priorities of people in vulnerable situations, particularly women and girls, to support their empowerment and to ensure that our humanitarian assistance has a greater and more sustainable impact. Considering pre-existing vulnerabilities allows humanitarian responses to meet the specific needs of crises.
It also means that the specific needs of women and girls are addressed, instead of being overlooked. We invested in 62 countries and territories, and responded to 37 natural disasters.
Canada works with UN partners, NGOs, and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement to continue to provide gender-responsive humanitarian action to respond to the differentiated needs of more than million men, women, boys and girls needing humanitarian assistance. Canada has provided support to international organizations to achieve the following results:. Footnote 6. In so doing, Canada strengthens efforts to address the unmet needs and priorities of women and girls in humanitarian situations.
Canada also provided assistance for food insecurity and nutrition interventions by collaborating with UN agencies and NGOs. Through facilities and mobile clinics supported by Action Against Hunger in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal, Canada supported the screening of close to half a million children, and the treatment of over 57, children for severe acute malnutrition.
Working with its UN, Red Cross, and NGO partners, Canada helped to provide emergency food assistance, access to safe water and sanitation, emergency health care, shelter, and protection to over 3 million people affected by Cyclone Idai across Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe.
Canada responded quickly to Cyclone Idai using a variety of tools, including the use of draw-down funds, the deployment of humanitarian relief stocks from Dubai, providing financial support to experienced humanitarian organizations, and supporting the deployment of Canadian Red Cross emergency relief unit ERU field hospital. The ERU was deployed in Mozambique, and provided critical emergency health care to over 9, patients over a three-month deployment.
In , Canada helped provide life-saving assistance to vulnerable populations affected by the Venezuela crisis and the natural disasters in Cuba and Haiti. As well, more than pregnant and breastfeeding women and children accessed comprehensive medical nutritional care. In Cuba, Canada supported the Canadian Red Cross Society to provide food, water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as emergency shelter in response to the tornado that struck Havana in January In Haiti, a project with the International Organization for Migration relocated 28, displaced individuals 8, families in earthquake-affected areas of Port-au-Prince.
The Strategy aims to respond to the forced displacement of approximately , Rohingya refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh, as well as other conflict-affected people within Myanmar. Canada supports system-wide change for gender-responsive humanitarian action, including through a UN Women-led Gender Hub and other research, policy and training initiatives to engage civil society partners and host communities in Bangladesh.
On September 28, , a 7. The Canadian Armed Forces also deployed a CC Hercules aircraft and crew, which carried humanitarian relief supplies and enabled air bridge operations. This multiyear, flexible funding is in line with commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit. Funding is provided to humanitarian partners to deliver lifesaving assistance such as food, shelter, water, health, sanitation, education, and protection services, including specialized care for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence.
Canadian funding supported the delivery of adolescent sexual and reproductive health services to approximately 1,, beneficiaries in Syria, 52, in Iraq, 30, in Jordan, and 6, in Lebanon. In addition, Canada supported over 81 safe spaces for women and girls and helped provide dignity kits, which contain basic supplies to maintain health and dignity, to over , beneficiaries across Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.
In , Canada supported a flexible, comprehensive humanitarian response to the deteriorating crisis in Yemen. Canada provided support to refugees in the West Bank and Gaza that helped reduce their food insecurity and improve their health. Sanitation levels were also improved by constructing wastewater treatment units and distributing hygiene kits. Canadian funding helped to decrease dropout rates for all UNRWA school children, and a review of learning materials ensured their access to quality resources.
UNRWA identified and provided assistance to an estimated 2, children at risk of physical violence, abuse, neglect, child marriage, corporal punishment, child labour or birth registration issues. Another 15, Palestine refugees were provided with legal assistance.
The Building Capacity to Respond to Humanitarian Emergencies project in West Bank and Gaza, implemented by the Canadian Red Cross Society, aims to increase the capacity of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society to respond to emergency medical needs and provide specialized health services to the most vulnerable Palestinians.
The project also strengthens and expands the work of the PRCS, a leading local actor in health-care provision, emergency medical services, disaster management, rehabilitation and psychosocial programming. As a volunteer, she took courses to learn about reproductive health, community-based health, and first aid. The declaration recognized the importance of advancing gender equality in all humanitarian responses and sought to promote system level change to ensure that humanitarian action is principled, evidence-based, and empowering.
Among other things, G7 governments, including Canada, committed to strengthening access for women and girls to health care, strengthening prevention and responding to SGBV, and increasing accountability to affected populations.
The GCM represents the first multilateral framework for the global response to international migration. It is founded on the principles of human rights, national sovereignty and gender equality. The document emphasises the positive contributions of migrants and the need to harness the economic and social benefits of regular migration, while addressing the challenges posed by irregular migration. The GCR is a framework for more predictable and equitable sharing of responsibilities regarding refugee situations.
It recognizes that sustainable solutions cannot be achieved without international cooperation. The GCR provides a blueprint for governments, international organizations, and other stakeholders to ensure that host communities get adequate support and that refugees can lead productive lives.
As a strong voice for improved international cooperation in harvesting the benefits of migration and addressing forced displacements worldwide, Canada was actively involved in the negotiation of both documents. Canada succeeded in ensuring that both compacts focus on practical measures to promote and protect the human dignity of migrants and refugees, address gender considerations, and combat irregular migration and human trafficking.
In , the ICRC improved access to food for over 7. Water and sanitation programs provided access to water to 7. Over 30, weapon-wounded women, men and children received surgical support through ICRC-supported hospitals.
In Africa, the ICRC worked to prevent the forced recruitment of children into armed groups, and reunited over former child soldiers with their families. Canada promotes refugee inclusion through actions that support host countries to build self-reliance and advance durable solutions. To help address the needs of the forcibly displaced, Canada provides funding to the UNHCR to protect and assist refugees.
The organization also reached 9. The Program provides immediate and essential services, generally during the first four to six weeks following arrival in Canada, as well as monthly income support, typically for up to a year. In , 26, refugees received a service under this program excluding Quebec Footnote 7. In , Canada resettled 27, people from all over the world: 8, were government-assisted refugees, 18, privately sponsored refugees, and 1, blended visa office-referred refugees.
In , 93, refugees received at least one settlement service excluding Quebec Footnote 8. These services included needs assessments, information and orientation, language training, employment-related services, childcare services, and referrals to other services, such as health and social services.
Asylum claimants are not yet refugees under Canadian legislation. They are processed through the in-Canada asylum system to determine if they need protection. Under the Asylum Program , once an asylum claim is determined to be eligible, claimants may live in Canada with access to a temporary work permit, social assistance, health services, emergency housing and education, while they await a decision from the IRB.
In , Canada received 55, claims for asylum, including claims made by irregular migrants that entered Canada between ports of entry. Funds were invested toward managing irregular migration by ensuring security at the border and faster processing of asylum claims, as well as additional measures that include accelerated federal interim health coverage and interim housing costs shared with provinces and municipalities. In Canada, 52, resettled refugees were also eligible for the Program, and 27, used the services.
The Program also provides limited, temporary health coverage of health-care costs for asylum claimants until they are eligible for provincial or territorial health coverage or until they leave Canada. In , the Program provided coverage to , asylum seekers awaiting a decision from the IRB, with 85, of them using the services. The Call to Action is a global multi-stakeholder initiative that aims to drive change and foster accountability so that every humanitarian effort prevents, mitigates, and responds to gender-based violence from the earliest stage of a crisis.
Canada became lead of the Call to Action on January 1, for a two-year period. Canada has also been a main partner since the initiative was launched in and co-chaired the States and Donors Working Group in Growth that works for everyone programming supports inclusive growth, which is the basis for progress across all dimensions of development and is central to achieving broad-based prosperity, peace and security.
When all segments of the population benefit equally, countries can dramatically reduce and help eradicate extreme poverty. In particular, women are important economic actors, and inclusive growth can only be achieved with the full, free and equal participation of women in the economy. Inclusive growth is the surest way for countries to harness their domestic resources and attain the capacity needed to address their development challenges, including health, education, and environmental protection.
Increased access to and adoption of technologies, including green technologies, can trigger transformative changes toward sustainable economic development in developing countries. Beneficial advances in technology can be implemented in different economic sectors, such as agriculture.
Agriculture and food systems, for example, are important drivers of economic growth and poverty reduction. Quality infrastructure, including in the transport, communications, and energy sectors, is another key driver of economic growth, as it can foster access to markets and information, and create new economic opportunities. Inclusion of vulnerable groups, such as women, in financial systems is another element that stimulates inclusive economic growth.
Significant focus is placed on involving the private sector, developing livelihoods and empowering women economically. Activities range from building institutional capacity building, supporting entrepreneurship and access to decent work, expanding access to capital and finance and improving support to the private sector. Canada also supports the development and dissemination of technological innovations and practices that reduce the burden of household work, so that women can engage more readily engage in economically empowering activities beyond the household.
In the agricultural sector, Canada supports initiatives that increase resilience and financial inclusion. These initiatives provide agricultural and business training, and improve access and awareness of inclusive financial services, such as banking, credit, and insurance. Footnote 9. This included support for technical and vocational training, building entrepreneurial skills, and supporting job creation, particularly for young women.
The project aims to promote the economic empowerment of women traders in Eastern Africa and works to reduce sexual and gender-based violence toward them. In addition, the project has provided entrepreneurship training to 18, women. For example, from June to June , AfDB support to regional governments provided access to finance for more than , small and micro businesses; helped improve intra-African trade and movement of people through improved access to transport for With support from the Digital Opportunity Trust , Jeanne built digital solutions that are locally relevant and solve everyday challenges.
The platform allows Rwandans to safely participate in savings and credit cooperatives. Canada supports micro, small and medium-sized enterprises throughout the Americas, particularly Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru, with technical support and training to create business plans. A number of these projects focused on women entrepreneurs in industries such as forestry, farming, and extractives. In Cuba, for example, Canada helped Cubans to develop a value chain approach to quality food production that promotes import substitution and sustainable economic growth at the local level.
This gender-sensitive and climate-smart programming has reached over 4, direct beneficiaries to date. In Colombia, special attention was given to creating employment opportunities for disadvantaged youth and economically reviving post-conflict zones. In partnership with Inter-American Development Bank, 4,, beneficiaries were supported by Canada and other donors through targeted anti-poverty programs.
Through its institutional support to the IDB Group, Canada supported on-the-job training to close to , people, more than , women benefited from economic empowerment programs, and , micro, small and medium-sized enterprises received financial and non-financial support. In the Philippines, Canada worked with partners to provide market-driven training and skills, and financial services to improve livelihoods in vulnerable communities. Through Canadian support in Sri Lanka, 5, youth received professional skills training in areas such as tourism, construction, and information and communications technology.
In the South Pacific that is, Fiji, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands , Canada promoted the social and economic empowerment of female market vendors to increase their financial management and business acumen. The centre provides expertise and technical assistance to help design and structure viable, bankable and high-impact regional PPPs for infrastructure.
The EDM contributes to poverty reduction by deploying technical experts to assist developing countries negotiate, implement, adapt to, and benefit from their bilateral or regional Free Trade Agreements and Foreign Investment Protection Agreements with Canada.
For example, in , the International Development Association financed projects that helped 4. The initiative aims to increase public and private sector support for women in business, with a focus on the poorest and most fragile environments. In , CIPF II supported increased access to non-financial services to 7,, women entrepreneurs, to address barriers to economic growth.
In addition, IFAD trained 2. Through its climate adaptation program, IFAD has supported 2. Canada is a founding donor of the AgResults Initiative , which uses an innovative pay-for-results prize competition model to incent the private sector to reach smallholder farmers in underserved markets.
In , approximately 30, Nigerian smallholder farmers chose to participate in the project. From to , the CIFSRF reached 78 million people globally by scaling up dozens of the agricultural innovations it generated.
In , more than 2, people 1, women were trained in leading global practices for gender-responsive and environmentally sustainable utilization of extractive sector resources.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency CFIA provides technical assistance to developing countries to build their capacity on food safety and animal and plant health.
In , the CFIA assisted countries, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Ukraine, through activities such as information sharing, meetings, seminars, and facility tours. These activities contributed toward the development and implementation of science- and risk-based sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
In addition, the CFIA provided financial support and technical expertise for webinars to address non-compliance issues in food exports from developing countries entering Canada. The state of the environment around the world is deteriorating at an alarming pace. Climate change and environmental degradation, including more frequent and intense natural disasters disasters—such as droughts and floods, increasingly scarce freshwater supplies, desertification, and land degradation—are threatening long-term development gains.
More than 1 billion people worldwide live in climate change hot spots: deltas, semi-arid lands, and glacier-dependent basins in Africa and Asia. The World Bank estimates that without urgent action, climate change impacts could push an additional million people into poverty by Many communities, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable, are experiencing the strongest impacts of these changes.
These impacts also disproportionately affect women and girls, particularly those that depend on natural resources for their livelihoods. Canada signed the Paris Agreement in Canada supports initiatives that mitigate climate change and help developing countries adapt to its environmental and socio-economic impacts. Canada also provides support in the area of sustainable resource management. Among other things, these contributions resulted in:.
Footnote Canada supported the transition of developing countries to low-carbon, climate-resilient economies and societies, including in sub-Saharan Africa. This included ongoing contributions to the Africa Renewable Energy Initiative AREI , an Africa-led initiative to help improve access to renewable energy services, largely through direct investments in renewable infrastructure. The initiative aims to support African governments to improve their capacity to plan, prepare and respond to extreme events and natural disasters.
Canada also worked in partnership with Canadian civil society organizations in the region to promote renewable energy. A total of senior technicians and 40 engineers in eight countries were trained and are applying their knowledge across the region.
The project also resulted in the installation of solar-powered health centres and other facilities in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal. This includes: in Burkina Faso, providing solar power to maternal clinics in six villages benefiting 13, women and 12, men ; in Mali, equipping three villages with lighting and solar pumping for drinking water; and in Senegal, providing two villages with solar household kits, benefitting , men and women.
Residents of Haiti, Peru, and a number of other Latin American and Caribbean countries benefited from Canadian support for training programs on environmental issues and sustainable agriculture, as well as disaster risk management and climate change adaptation.
In Haiti, 3, teachers and students participated in environmental awareness activities on maintaining a clean and healthy environment, including through waste sorting. In addition, five financial institutions and more than farmers were trained on environmental issues.
In Peru, Canada works with SUCO to help improve the economic conditions and prospects of young farmers, including women, by providing technical training on sustainable agriculture, animal production and entrepreneurship. In , this partnership helped to train people on environmental issues, such as organic vegetable production, agro-ecological management of pests and diseases, sustainable use of water, and irrigation techniques.
The total number of people trained since is 1, including 1, young farmers. In the Caribbean, in partnership with the Canadian Red Cross, Canada implemented gender-responsive and community-based strategies and tools for disaster risk management and for climate change adaptation. Canada also supported the Disaster Risk Management Program and Disaster Responsive Fund to help Caribbean residents respond to environmental catastrophes.
The Inter-American Development Bank managed the Canadian Climate Fund for the Private Sector in the Americas C2F , which aims to catalyze private sector investments in climate mitigation or adaptation projects across the region to help countries reduce their carbon footprint and adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change.
It focuses on renewable energy, energy efficiency, biofuels, sustainable agriculture, forestry and land use, and adaptation. In alone, Canadian and other co-investor contributions to C2F projects supported the abatement of over , metric tons of CO 2 equivalent CO 2 e and the production of around , MWh of renewable energy.
The fund is building on the success of its first phase and will continue to pilot innovative ways of integrating gender equality considerations in private sector projects. Climate events are likely to have an increasing impact on human health, security, livelihoods and poverty, with the type and magnitude of impact varying widely across Asia and the Pacific Islands.
In , Canada remained committed to assisting vulnerable communities in adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change, as well as integrating environmental sustainability elements into new and existing projects in the Asia-Pacific region. Through its close collaboration on climate change with the ADB, Canada contributes to fostering low-carbon and resilient economies in the region.
Results achieved as of June include six concessional finance projects for renewable energy initiatives that are expected to install a total of MW of renewable energy generation capacity, leading to 2 million metric tons of CO 2 e emission reductions per year. Results achieved as of December include three concessional finance projects that are expected to install a total of MW of renewable energy, leading to the reduction of 4. Another ADB-led project, Climate Change and Disaster Resilience in Myanmar , launched the Myanmar Unified platform for Disaster Risk Application, a one-stop portal used by government agencies to collaborate, share and apply disaster risk information for decision-making purposes.
In , the IDRM Fund helped develop and implement innovative regional solutions to reduce the impact of disasters on vulnerable populations, and support sustainable economic growth across the ASEAN region. Rising temperatures, variable monsoon patterns, and a host of other factors make northern Pakistan extremely vulnerable to climate change.
Water is a scarce resource, but more than 1 billion people in the greater South Asia region depend on it for their livelihoods. Asif Jehengir cleans a solar-powered water pump system that helps farmers irrigate their fields. This is one of the adaptation measures piloted in northern Pakistan that introduces local farmers to climate-smart agricultural practices that improve water management.
In addition to switching from diesel fuel to solar-powered pumps, a suite of techniques such as drip irrigation and multi-cropping was adopted. The adaptation measures improved crop productivity and the government is now expanding this initiative in Pakistan to reach 30, farmers. Canada supported a number of important activities and investments through its core and voluntary contributions to multilateral organizations, including international financial institutions.
For example, Canada established itself as a leading donor to the Global Environment Facility GEF , which supports activities in developing countries related to biodiversity, chemicals and waste, climate change, international waters, and land degradation.
In addition, Canada continued to engage on governance, policy, and programming issues at the GEF, including by advocating for improved gender equality mainstreaming across projects, enhanced engagement with the private sector, and a more robust results and monitoring framework. Through its seat on the board of directors, Canada is a highly active donor to the Green Climate Fund GCF , which supports low-emission, climate-resilient development pathways in developing countries.
For example, the Universal Green Energy Access Program in sub-Saharan Africa will increase universal access to electricity by scaling up investments in renewable energy. The World Bank Group institutions, in which Canada is a shareholder, play an important role in global efforts to support sustainable management of natural resources and develop clean energy sources and infrastructure in developing countries. For example, in , the International Development Association financed projects supporting the generation capacity of 6 GW of renewable energy.
The Program enabled climate change investments into renewable energy, sustainable energy lending, energy efficiency improvements, and other innovative, low-carbon projects in developing markets. Expected results from these projects include the direct abatement of , metric tons of CO 2 e per year, which will reach 1,, metric tons of CO 2 e once all projects are being implemented, and the installation of almost MW of new renewable energy generation capacity from wind, solar, hydropower and biomass sources.
Environment and Climate Change Canada ECCC provides technical cooperation and capacity building to developing countries to improve disaster preparedness, facilitate the use of environmentally safe products and equipment, enhance the development and deployment of environmentally sound technologies, and support climate change adaptation and mitigation.
For example, ECCC supports the Climate and Clean Air Coalition , a multi-stakeholder coalition that works to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants SLCPs in order to mitigate climate change and improve air quality. Reducing emissions of SLCPs is critical to avoid the most dangerous and severe impacts of climate change.
In , the ITU completed disaster preparedness systems in Zambia, featuring two early-warning systems on flooding and mudslides. The ITU also strengthened the ability of countries like Papua New Guinea and Tonga, which were struck by disasters in , to coordinate disaster relief efforts and cope with the immediate effects of disasters by providing emergency telecommunication equipment. A key challenge in the global response to climate change is addressing the rapid increase of greenhouse gas emissions throughout the developing world.
By strengthening their capacity for measurement, reporting, and verification MRV of GHG emissions, developing countries can gain the clear picture of emission sources and trends needed to design effective mitigation policies, such as carbon pricing, to implement their Nationally Determined Contributions NDCs. In March , ECCC supported a two-day workshop in Mexico City, where the working group explored how project-level MRV underpins effective market-based instruments that enable countries to mitigate emissions, achieve their NDCs, and benefit from associated technology transfer.
Through this support, countries have defined a two-year work plan to achieve consensus on common MRV standards to facilitate potential regional carbon market linkages in the future. In addition, a workshop organized under the auspices of the United Nations in Thailand aimed to facilitate a community of practice in the Asia-Pacific region around standards for environmental and economic statistics for oceans.
Inclusive governance is considered fundamental to long-term sustainable development. Governance pertains to how power is exercised and resources are allocated among different groups in society. It affects how states manage complex challenges, such as inequality, migration, urbanization, violence, natural resources, and climate change. A focus on inclusion enables countries to unlock the potential of their diverse populations while contributing to the Agenda commitment to leave no one behind, and, more specifically, to SDG Governance is inclusive when it effectively serves and engages all groups of people; takes into account gender and other facets of personal identity; and when institutions, policies, processes, and services are accessible, accountable, and responsive to all members of society.
Canada supports inclusive governance in concrete and multi-faceted ways. This includes strengthening local legal and law-enforcement systems, democratic and electoral institutions, and other services. Canada also supported legislative, regulatory and policy reforms that aimed at enhancing human rights protections, improving legal, electoral and fiscal systems, and reinforcing public services such as statistical capacities and audit mechanisms.
Projects supported civic education initiatives to reinforce knowledge and awareness of human rights, political participation and legal recourse, especially among women and marginalized communities.
Through both advocacy and programming tools, Canada is committed to assist sub-Saharan countries and local organizations, including the African Union, to strengthen democratic institutions, improve governance, and advance human rights. Canada also engages bilaterally and multilaterally to promote and protect human rights in the region. Canada continues to support efforts to strengthen civic responsibility and public participation in democratic life, including increasing the political participation of women and youth to help build a more inclusive and accountable political environment.
They were deployed to polling stations across the country as part of a national electoral observation mission in December In addition, Canada supported the United Nations Development Programme to help women be accredited as electoral observers for 10 DRC provinces and receive training on how to mitigate and mediate electoral violence and conflicts.
The United Nations Development Programme also supported the electoral cycle in Liberia, including four by-elections in With support from Canada and other donors, the Liberian national elections commission initiated processes that led to a number of electoral reforms. Canada is also working to improve access to justice, particularly for women, across developing countries.
In addition, 91 Burundian and Congolese lawyers were trained on the documentation and presentation of cases involving international crimes and grave human rights violations, with a particular focus on SGBV crimes. Lawyers Without Borders Canada also undertook a mapping exercise in conjunction with the University of Laval to document human rights violations, including SGBV crimes, which have occurred in Mali since After this training, Carmen realized the significant role she can play as a citizen and the importance of being a more active member of society.
She opened the school in with two children enrolled. By helping to provide online and at home services, Canada is playing a leadership role. It is increasing the access of Ghanaian women entrepreneurs such as Sabrina to financial products tailored to their needs. Canada delivered its ODA in partnership with more than Canadian civil-society organizations. This permitted families to earn three times as much and rely on a much more stable year-round income—winning factors that helped slow the rural exodus.
The project also urged families to use special plant varieties that offer greater resilience against climate change. The project helped improve the financial security of 13, people from rural Indigenous communities in More than half of these people 7, were women. Bano Bibi is 73 and is raising her young granddaughters alone. Every day is a struggle to make ends meet, and she resorts to begging along the roadsides of Islamabad to bring food or money home for the girls.
One day, a car struck Bibi and sped off. Parliamentary systems fall into two categories: bicameral and unicameral. Out of countries in the world, 79 are bicameral and are unicameral, making a total of chambers of parliament with over 46, members of parliament. IPU membership is made up of national parliaments. Discover the world's national. See all parliaments. We help strengthen parliaments to make them more representative and effective.. Our support for parliaments. Virtual event. Nuclear disarmament and human security.
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